導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：如何才能寫(xiě)好一篇英語(yǔ)四級(jí)預(yù)測(cè)作文，這就需要搜集整理更多的資料和文獻(xiàn)，歡迎閱讀由公務(wù)員之家整理的十篇范文，供你借鑒。

篇1

a)社會(huì)實(shí)踐的作用b)可能產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題c)提出建議

可參考［問(wèn)題解決型模板］

劃線句子也可作為模板

Social Practice

Social practice has been more and more popular inuniversities and colleges. Students are asked to enter society and get someidea of it. Surely social practice has many advantages.Firstly, social practicecan offer students a chance to contact society and meet different kinds ofpeople. In this waystudents can gain some valuable social experience, whichwill be useful to their future career. Secondly, students can apply what theyhave learned in class to practical work, thus knowing themselves more clearly.Thirdly, social practice can bring them some financial reward and make themmore independent of their family. (描述問(wèn)題段)

However, some problems may arise if no correct guidanceis made. For example, some students get overly interested in social practiceand want to work full-time and earn money, thus neglecting theirstudies.Andsome students are likely to get in touch with the dark side ofsociety, which will affect their future studies。(說(shuō)明問(wèn)題段)

篇2

預(yù)測(cè)題目：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "The beautiful thing about learning is that nobody can take that away from you." You can cite examples to illustrate the beauty and features of knowledge. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

參考范文:

The Beauty of Knowledge

Praise of knowledge has never come to an end since ancient times. Apparently, knowledge is a treasure that everybody volunteers to possess and much of success could be attributed to it directly or indirectly.

As far as I am concerned, the beauty of knowledge can be explained in three aspects.

篇3

一、主題作文及圖畫(huà)作文的模板：

These days 現(xiàn)象 often hits the headlines of newspapers and has been brought into focus of the public. Just as the picture shown that… (如果是圖畫(huà)作文可以寫(xiě)出具體的現(xiàn)象或問(wèn)題，也可以一句話描述圖畫(huà)：As is vividly illustrated above, in the +地方 +動(dòng)詞(be, come, run, walk, jump, sit, stand, lie, crouch, float等)+主題詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞/非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，獨(dú)立主格/非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。) Indeed, it is widely accepted / acknowledged that it has gained increasing popularity among people in all walks of life/ college students.

Those who are in favor of 現(xiàn)象 maintain that 描述觀點(diǎn)1. In their view, 闡釋觀點(diǎn)1. On the contrary, those who are against 現(xiàn)象 hold/ point out that 描述觀點(diǎn)2. Besides, 闡釋證實(shí)觀點(diǎn)2 . (第二段可以根據(jù)文章來(lái)分析原因，影響，優(yōu)點(diǎn)或缺點(diǎn)等。)

It is high time we put an end to the undesirable phenomenon of… (虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子) 然后再分條來(lái)說(shuō)明措施。On the one hand, … on the other hand, … I believe we humans can overcome this difficulty and we will have a brighter future.

改革之后，圖畫(huà)作文考的比較多，無(wú)論是圖畫(huà)作文還是主題作文，上面的結(jié)構(gòu)是可以通用的，考生可以重點(diǎn)記下圖畫(huà)作文與主題作文的句型。

二、圖表作文各段的通用模板：

As is seen from the graph/chart, we can draw a conclusion that the number of …….decreased. Of these, the number of …….decreased the most, from …. in 1985 to ….. in 2000(根據(jù)圖表寫(xiě)年代). On the contrary, the number of …….increased.

There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. Above all (To begin with), …….. In addition (What is more), ………

In my personal sense, it is imperative for us to take steps to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts. First and foremost,…….Last but not least,………Owing to +主題, not only can we accumulate wealth, but also establish our career, fit into society and even attain social status.

對(duì)于圖表作文，考生也要了解并熟悉其結(jié)構(gòu)和句型。我們?cè)跍?zhǔn)備時(shí)一定要充分，不放棄任何一種題型。

四級(jí)作文萬(wàn)能模板：

1.2015英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文萬(wàn)能模板

2.英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文萬(wàn)能模板最新

3.2015年12月四級(jí)作文預(yù)測(cè)：關(guān)于霧霾

篇4

(1) 要求論述兩個(gè)對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)并給出自己的看法。

1. 有一些人認(rèn)為。。。

2. 另一些人認(rèn)為。。。

3. 我的看法。。。

The topic of ①-----------------(主題)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).

While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).

From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的觀點(diǎn)). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .

(2) 給出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，要求考生反對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)

Some people believe that ①----------------(觀點(diǎn)一). For example, they think ②-----------------(舉例說(shuō)明).And it will bring them ③-----------------(為他們帶來(lái)的好處).

In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反對(duì)的理由之二).

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我對(duì)文章所討論主題的看法).

闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個(gè)主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進(jìn)行論述。

1.闡述名言或主題所蘊(yùn)涵的意義。

2.分析并舉例使其更充實(shí)。

The good old proverb ----------------(名言或諺語(yǔ))reminds us that ----------------(釋義). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.

First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(舉例說(shuō)明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(舉例說(shuō)明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三).

In my opinion, ----------------(我的觀點(diǎn)). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. From Joozone.com.

解決方法題型

要求考生列舉出解決問(wèn)題的多種途徑

1.問(wèn)題現(xiàn)狀

2.怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn))

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(說(shuō)明A的現(xiàn)狀).Second, ---------------(舉例進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明現(xiàn)狀)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解決方法一). For another -------------(解決方法二). Finally, --------------(解決方法三).

Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解決方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(帶來(lái)的好處).

說(shuō)明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說(shuō)明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對(duì)比事物本身的利弊，有時(shí)也會(huì)單從一個(gè)角度(利或弊)出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度(或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A(yù)測(cè))

1.說(shuō)明事物現(xiàn)狀

2.事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)(或一方面)

3.你對(duì)現(xiàn)狀(或前景)的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一). Besides -------------------(A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之二).

But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)).To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二個(gè)缺點(diǎn)).

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法).

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(對(duì)前景的預(yù)測(cè)).)

議論文的框架

(1) 不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型( 選擇型 )

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 觀點(diǎn)一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___觀點(diǎn)一_____.

People,　however,　differ　in　their　opinions　on　this　matter.　Some　people　hold the idea that ___觀點(diǎn)二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there　is no　doubt　that ___觀點(diǎn)二______.

As far as I am concerned, I　firmly　support　the　view　that __觀點(diǎn)一或二______.　It　is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

(2)利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文題目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)一______. And secondly ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺點(diǎn)一______. In addition, ____缺點(diǎn)二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.

( 3 ) 答題性議論文 來(lái)自作文地帶

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文題目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途徑一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

( 4 ) 諺語(yǔ)警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___諺語(yǔ)_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____諺語(yǔ)的含義_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語(yǔ)_____.

With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語(yǔ)_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..

圖表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in　the　table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

There　are　at　least　two　good　reasons accounting for ______. On　the　one　hand, ________. On　the　other　hand,　_______ is　due　to　the　fact　that ________.　In　addition, ________ is　responsible　for _______.　Maybe　there　are　some　other　reasons　to　show ________.　But　it　is　generally　believed　that　the　above　mentioned　reasons　are　commonly convincing.

As　far　as　I　am　concerned,　I hold the point of view that _______. I　am　sure　my　opinion　is　both　sound　and　well-grounded.

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篇5

對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)題型

(1) 要求論述兩個(gè)對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)并給出自己的看法。

1.有一些人認(rèn)為……

2.另一些人認(rèn)為……

3.我的看法……

The topic of ①________(主題)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②________(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③________(理由二). Moreover, ④________(理由三).

While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,________(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥____________(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦_(dá)___________(理由三).

From my point of view, I think ⑧________(我的觀點(diǎn)). The reason is that ⑨____________(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .

(2) 給出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，要求考生反對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)Some people believe that ①________(觀點(diǎn)一). For example, they think ②________(舉例說(shuō)明).And it will bring them ③________(為他們帶來(lái)的好處).

In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④____(我不同意該看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤____(反對(duì)的理由之二). Form all what I have said,I agree to the thought that ⑥____(我對(duì)文章所討論主題的看法). 闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個(gè)主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進(jìn)行論述.

1. 闡述名言或主題所蘊(yùn)涵的意義.

2. 分析并舉例使其更充實(shí).

The good old proverb ________(名言或諺語(yǔ))reminds us that ________(釋義). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.

First of all,________(理由一). For example, ____________(舉例說(shuō)明).

Secondly,________(理由二). Another case is that ________(舉例說(shuō)明). Furthermore , ____________(理由三).

In my opinion, ________(我的觀點(diǎn)). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say____A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.

解決方法題型

要求考生列舉出解決問(wèn)題的多種途徑

1. 問(wèn)題現(xiàn)狀

2. 怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn))

In recent days, we have to face I problem——A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ________(說(shuō)明A的現(xiàn)狀).Second, ________(舉例進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明現(xiàn)狀)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ________(解決方法一). For another ________(解決方法二). Finally, ________(解決方法三).

Personally, I believe that ________(我的解決方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________(帶來(lái)的好處).

四、說(shuō)明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說(shuō)明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對(duì)比事物本身的利弊，有時(shí)也會(huì)單從一個(gè)角度(利或弊)出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度(或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A(yù)測(cè))

1. 說(shuō)明事物現(xiàn)狀

2. 事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)(或一方面)

3. 你對(duì)現(xiàn)狀(或前景)的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ________(A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一). Besides ____________(A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之二).

But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ________(A的第一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)).To make matters worse,____________(A的第二個(gè)缺點(diǎn)).

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ________(我的看法).

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ________(對(duì)前景的預(yù)測(cè)

議論文的框架

(1) 不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型( 選擇型 )

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.

A majority of people think that _ 觀點(diǎn)一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一

_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___觀點(diǎn)一_____.

People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some

people hold the idea that ___觀點(diǎn)二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點(diǎn)二______.

As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點(diǎn)一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

(2)利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文題目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____. Generally

speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)一______. And secondly ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺點(diǎn)一______. In addition, ____ 缺點(diǎn)二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.

(3)答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文題目

_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.英語(yǔ)四級(jí)英譯漢的目的,要求和評(píng)分

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途徑一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

(4) 諺語(yǔ)警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___諺語(yǔ)_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____諺語(yǔ)的含義_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語(yǔ)_____.

篇6

關(guān)鍵詞：認(rèn)知策略； 元認(rèn)知策略； 測(cè)試表現(xiàn)； TEM4成績(jī)

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：H319.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-3315（2013）09-129-003

一、引言

在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中我們經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，有些學(xué)生在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)方面的表現(xiàn)要優(yōu)于其他學(xué)生，這些學(xué)生背單詞、記課文的速度快，似乎不用花太多時(shí)間和精力就能輕松地在考試時(shí)取得較好的成績(jī)。那么除卻天生智力因素的不同，是什么使得這樣的差別存在呢？其中之一就是學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)策略的使用（Dreyer & Oxford， 1996）。根據(jù)學(xué)習(xí)者策略的定義和分類(lèi)，近年來(lái)大量研究調(diào)查了策略使用與語(yǔ)言表現(xiàn)間的關(guān)系并得出一個(gè)普遍結(jié)論，即語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)更成功、成績(jī)更優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生能更頻繁和靈活的使用策略（O’Malley 和Chamot，1990；Anderson，1991；Zhang，2010）。Song和Cheng （2006）對(duì)中國(guó)大學(xué)生語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)策略使用與大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)測(cè)試表現(xiàn)間關(guān)系的調(diào)研顯示，中國(guó)大學(xué)生在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中使用元認(rèn)知策略比認(rèn)知策略多，推理是他們最多使用的具體策略，也是對(duì)其測(cè)試成績(jī)最好的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)。基于上述研究，本研究旨在尋找研究對(duì)象的元認(rèn)知策略、認(rèn)知策略的使用情況及其與英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)測(cè)試（TEM4）表現(xiàn)間的關(guān)系，以期為T(mén)EM4考試的準(zhǔn)備提出指導(dǎo)建議。

二、學(xué)習(xí)策略與語(yǔ)言測(cè)試表現(xiàn)

所謂學(xué)習(xí)策略，簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)就是學(xué)習(xí)者幫助自己有效地理解、處理、簡(jiǎn)易學(xué)習(xí)所使用的方式方法。O’Malley和Chamot （2001）根據(jù)認(rèn)知理論和信息處理方式將學(xué)習(xí)策略分為元認(rèn)知策略、認(rèn)知策略和社會(huì)/情感策略。Oxford （1990）根據(jù)策略與語(yǔ)言材料的關(guān)系將學(xué)習(xí)策略分為直接策略和間接策略。Purpura（1997， 1999）定義的認(rèn)知策略模型包括理解、記憶和檢索三個(gè)維度，含十個(gè)具體變量類(lèi)別（如分析歸納、聯(lián)想、重復(fù)操練、總結(jié)、遷移、推理等），元認(rèn)知策略模型包括評(píng)估一個(gè)維度，含四個(gè)具體變量類(lèi)別（如評(píng)估環(huán)境、監(jiān)控、自我評(píng)價(jià)等）。Purpura的策略模型以人類(lèi)信息處理模式為本，其關(guān)于策略使用的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷經(jīng)過(guò)一系列數(shù)據(jù)分析，如探索性因子分析、驗(yàn)證性因子分析、結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型等，因此Song和Cheng （2006）基于Purpura調(diào)查問(wèn)卷改編的問(wèn)卷適合本研究背景和對(duì)象，用于主要調(diào)查研究對(duì)象的認(rèn)知策略和元認(rèn)知策略使用情況。

英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)測(cè)試用于考核英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生運(yùn)用各項(xiàng)基本技能的能力，也是評(píng)估教學(xué)質(zhì)量，推動(dòng)校際交流的一種手段（2006考試大綱修訂本）。提高TEM4考試成績(jī)是很多院校共同努力的目標(biāo)，但目前存在的問(wèn)題是我們一味地通過(guò)教師授課或讓學(xué)生大量做題以期達(dá)到較好的TEM4成績(jī)，卻甚少?gòu)膶W(xué)生的二語(yǔ)習(xí)得特征，如學(xué)習(xí)者策略的使用來(lái)考慮問(wèn)題。研究表明，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)策略可以解釋12%的成績(jī)方差，元認(rèn)知策略與六級(jí)成績(jī)的相關(guān)達(dá)到顯著水平（P

三、研究設(shè)計(jì)

1.研究對(duì)象和工具

本研究的對(duì)象為上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)賢達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)人文學(xué)院2010級(jí)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)二年級(jí)學(xué)生124名，他們的平均年齡為20歲，學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的平均時(shí)間為11年，研究對(duì)象參加了2012年4月的TEM4考試并于9月取得成績(jī)。

本研究使用的工具為一份調(diào)查問(wèn)卷和研究對(duì)象2012年的TEM4測(cè)試成績(jī)。調(diào)查問(wèn)卷來(lái)自Song和Cheng（2006）基于Purpura（1999）設(shè)計(jì)的問(wèn)卷并根據(jù)實(shí)際研究情況進(jìn)行了翻譯和調(diào)整。問(wèn)卷由三部分組成，第一部分為個(gè)人信息，用于了解學(xué)生的年齡、學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)間及用來(lái)與TEM4成績(jī)配對(duì)的學(xué)號(hào)；第二部分34道題用于調(diào)查研究對(duì)象的認(rèn)知策略使用情況；第三部分30道題用于調(diào)查研究對(duì)象的元認(rèn)知策略使用情況。上述兩部分都采用1-5級(jí)利克特量表計(jì)分，分別代表從“從不”（1分）到“總是”（5分），要求學(xué)生選擇與實(shí)際情況相符合的選項(xiàng)。

2.研究問(wèn)題和數(shù)據(jù)收集

根據(jù)研究目的，將本研究的問(wèn)題定為：一、研究對(duì)象使用學(xué)習(xí)策略的情況如何？二、學(xué)習(xí)策略與研究對(duì)象在英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)測(cè)試中表現(xiàn)間的關(guān)系如何？哪種學(xué)習(xí)策略對(duì)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四測(cè)試的表現(xiàn)具有預(yù)測(cè)作用？

問(wèn)卷于學(xué)生參加TEM4前發(fā)放，共發(fā)出問(wèn)卷124份，回收124份，由于其中4份問(wèn)卷的數(shù)據(jù)缺失超過(guò)10%，故有效問(wèn)卷為120份。學(xué)生的TEM4成績(jī)與問(wèn)卷上的學(xué)號(hào)配對(duì)，并用SPSS17.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)入錄和分析。

四、分析和討論

1.學(xué)習(xí)者策略使用情況

認(rèn)知策略和元認(rèn)知策略在研究對(duì)象的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中都得到了使用，問(wèn)卷中64道題的平均值范圍在2.28至4.2，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差值范圍在0.855至1.150。絕大部分偏態(tài)值在1和-1之間，說(shuō)明研究對(duì)象對(duì)于問(wèn)卷的回答趨向正態(tài)分布，因此所有的問(wèn)卷題目予以保留分析。

通過(guò)配對(duì)樣本T檢驗(yàn)可知，學(xué)習(xí)者使用的認(rèn)知策略和元認(rèn)知策略間存在顯著差異（Sig.雙尾=.000）。學(xué)生使用頻率最高的5項(xiàng)策略大多為元認(rèn)知策略（見(jiàn)表1），其中4項(xiàng)為自我評(píng)價(jià)，反映了研究對(duì)象對(duì)自己的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程和學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果能進(jìn)行自我評(píng)判和自省；另1項(xiàng)使用較頻繁的策略屬于認(rèn)知策略中的自然操練，這與現(xiàn)實(shí)情況相符，中國(guó)大學(xué)生喜歡觀看英語(yǔ)類(lèi)電視節(jié)目，如英語(yǔ)電影或電視劇等，以提高自身的聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力。

表1 研究對(duì)象使用頻率最高的5個(gè)策略

相反，學(xué)生使用頻率最低的5項(xiàng)策略均為認(rèn)知策略（見(jiàn)表2），包括總結(jié)、遷移、驗(yàn)證和自然操練。其中自然操練含有兩項(xiàng)，這反映學(xué)生較少收聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)廣播節(jié)目，理由可能是他們更習(xí)慣于通過(guò)視頻方式汲取相應(yīng)信息，另一方面，這也顯示學(xué)生不太有機(jī)會(huì)與英語(yǔ)國(guó)家人士直接交流，他們?nèi)鄙僬鎸?shí)的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言和文化的學(xué)習(xí)造成了一定的影響；總結(jié)是學(xué)生最少使用的認(rèn)知策略，說(shuō)明學(xué)生對(duì)輸入的信息缺少提煉和概括性練習(xí)；而學(xué)生對(duì)遷移策略缺少使用的原因可能是因?yàn)槠錆h語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)之間的巨大差異，導(dǎo)致他們幾乎不肯在這兩種語(yǔ)言間找到對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)，畢竟這兩種語(yǔ)言屬于完全不同的語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)（王德春，1997）。

表2 研究對(duì)象使用頻率最低的5個(gè)策略

進(jìn)一步來(lái)看，在認(rèn)知和元認(rèn)知策略的具體分類(lèi)中（見(jiàn)表3），策略使用平均值從2.58至3.63不等，其中推理是學(xué)生有時(shí)/經(jīng)常使用的策略，而驗(yàn)證是學(xué)生很少/有時(shí)使用的策略（與表2相符），這說(shuō)明學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中擅長(zhǎng)使用推測(cè)，如根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義，但他們卻較少愿意把自己的作文給他人看或征詢(xún)他人的肯定或否定意見(jiàn)，可能這是由于中國(guó)學(xué)生比較內(nèi)向的原因，不太愿意向他人展示自己，對(duì)自己的學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)不愿主動(dòng)尋求結(jié)果。

表3 各具體策略分類(lèi)描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)

2.學(xué)習(xí)者策略使用與英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)測(cè)試表現(xiàn)

經(jīng)過(guò)相關(guān)分析可知，學(xué)生使用的大部分學(xué)習(xí)策略，都與英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)測(cè)試的表現(xiàn)具有一定相關(guān)性，但他們的皮爾遜相關(guān)系數(shù)絕對(duì)值范圍為.232至.403，呈低相關(guān)，說(shuō)明學(xué)習(xí)策略的使用與學(xué)生TEM4成的關(guān)系并非十分密切。

進(jìn)一步的多元回歸分析表明重復(fù)操練，驗(yàn)證和自我評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)TEM4表現(xiàn)具有預(yù)測(cè)作用（見(jiàn)表4），且預(yù)測(cè)作用較明顯。重復(fù)操練策略的R2決定系數(shù)為.163，說(shuō)明重復(fù)操練能解釋TEM4成績(jī)16.3%的方差，是能最好預(yù)測(cè)TEM4成績(jī)的認(rèn)知策略。此外，重復(fù)操練和驗(yàn)證能聯(lián)合解釋TEM4成績(jī)20%的方差；重復(fù)操練，驗(yàn)證和自我評(píng)價(jià)能聯(lián)合解釋TEM4成績(jī)23.4%的方差。非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化系數(shù)B反映重復(fù)操練和自我評(píng)價(jià)策略使用每提高1個(gè)分值，TEM4成績(jī)則能分別提高4.606分和4.106分，但驗(yàn)證策略使用每提高1個(gè)分值，TEM4成績(jī)則會(huì)下降3.197分。表4中的t值都大于2或小于-2，進(jìn)一步證明這三種學(xué)習(xí)策略對(duì)TEM4成績(jī)是有用的預(yù)測(cè)變量

表4多元回歸分析：重復(fù)操練，驗(yàn)證和自我評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)TEM4表現(xiàn)的預(yù)測(cè)

a.因變量：TEM4成績(jī)

以上數(shù)據(jù)分析告訴我們研究對(duì)象在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中使用的策略并不是都能對(duì)TEM4表現(xiàn)起到預(yù)測(cè)作用，有些策略對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)有積極明顯的影響，有些卻無(wú)明顯效果，這一結(jié)論與相關(guān)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的其他研究結(jié)果相似（Song & Cheng，2006；Wen & Johnson，1997）。在這些策略中，重復(fù)操練這一認(rèn)知策略，如反復(fù)讀單詞，反復(fù)模仿發(fā)音或英語(yǔ)句型，及自我評(píng)價(jià)這一元認(rèn)知策略，如撰寫(xiě)提綱，自我反省語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、發(fā)音情況或反思學(xué)習(xí)方法等對(duì)學(xué)生的測(cè)試表現(xiàn)具有較好的正預(yù)測(cè)作用；相反，驗(yàn)證策略對(duì)學(xué)生的測(cè)試表現(xiàn)卻具有負(fù)預(yù)測(cè)作用。

五、結(jié)論

本研究對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)者策略使用情況與其TEM4測(cè)試間表現(xiàn)的關(guān)系做了研究，通過(guò)T檢驗(yàn)、相關(guān)分析和多元回歸分析得出一系列結(jié)果。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中對(duì)認(rèn)知策略和元認(rèn)知策略都有使用，且元認(rèn)知策略的使用頻率更高；其次，學(xué)習(xí)策略的使用頻率高低并不能與明顯預(yù)測(cè)TEM4成績(jī)的策略一致，學(xué)生擅長(zhǎng)使用推理策略卻很少使用驗(yàn)證策略，但驗(yàn)證策略卻能較明顯地預(yù)測(cè)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)。有鑒于此，在今后的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)和專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程中，我們要堅(jiān)持督促學(xué)生進(jìn)行重復(fù)操練性的語(yǔ)言口頭和筆頭訓(xùn)練，并在學(xué)生具有相當(dāng)自我學(xué)習(xí)批判和反省意識(shí)的前提下，著重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知策略，尤其是他們對(duì)輸入信息的批判性思維和概括提煉能力，盡可能地為他們提供與英語(yǔ)國(guó)家人士交流，給予接觸原版資料讀物的機(jī)會(huì)，并引導(dǎo)他們?cè)谑湛从⒄Z(yǔ)視頻節(jié)目的同時(shí)多收聽(tīng)音頻節(jié)目，從而提高他們?cè)跊](méi)有畫(huà)面幫助下的語(yǔ)言反應(yīng)能力。另外，我們也需要多鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生在他人面前展現(xiàn)自己的語(yǔ)言能力和學(xué)習(xí)成果，讓他們意識(shí)到語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)上的互相探討和幫助對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)的促進(jìn)作用，以期能讓驗(yàn)證策略對(duì)TEM4成績(jī)形成正面的預(yù)測(cè)。當(dāng)然，因?yàn)楸狙芯康臉颖据^小，研究工具僅限于使用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查研究學(xué)習(xí)策略與TEM4一種測(cè)試表現(xiàn)間的關(guān)系，因此得到的反饋信息有限；同時(shí)，由于能較好地預(yù)測(cè)TEM4成績(jī)的策略?xún)H能解釋小部分測(cè)試成績(jī)的方差，所以還存在很多其他變量和研究方法讓我們?nèi)ヌ剿鲗W(xué)習(xí)者策略與語(yǔ)言測(cè)試表現(xiàn)間的關(guān)系。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]Dreyer，C.and Oxford，R.L.1996.‘Learning strategies and other predictors of ESL proficiency among Afrikaans in South Africa’，in R.L. Oxford（ed.）.Language Learning Strategies around the World： Cross-cultural Perspectives. Honolulu：University of Hawaii，Second Language Teaching and CurriculumCenter

[2]O’Malley，J.M.andA.U.Chamot.2001.Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition[M]. Beijing： Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.Oxford，R.L.1990.Language Learning Strategies：What Every Teacher Should Know[M].NY：Newbury House/Harper Collins

[3]Purpura，J.M.1997。‘An analysis of the elationships between test takers’ cognitive and metacognitive strategy use and second language test performance’[J].Language Testing 20： 26-56

[4]Purpura，J.M.1999.Learner Strategy Use行and Performance on Language Tests： A StructuralEquation Modeling Approach[M].Cambridge，England： Cambridge University Press

[5]Song Xiaomei and Liying Cheng. 2006.‘Language Learner Strategy Use and Test Performance of Chinese Learners of English’[J]. Language Assessment Quarterly 3（3）： 243-266

[6]Wen，Q.& Johnson，R.1997.‘L2 learner variables and English achievement： A study of tertiary-level English majors in China’[J].Applied Linguistics 18：27-48

[7]陳紅銳等.英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)策略與大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試成績(jī)的關(guān)系， 中國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)論叢[C].北京：外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，1999

篇7

關(guān)鍵詞： 英語(yǔ)測(cè)試 “Compound Dictation” 解題之法

“Compound Dictation”這一題型，在英語(yǔ)測(cè)試中，應(yīng)該說(shuō)是有一定難度的。在國(guó)家級(jí)考試全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試（CET-4/6）中，作為聽(tīng)力測(cè)試部分的一個(gè)小項(xiàng)，表面上看來(lái)純粹是考查學(xué)生聽(tīng)的能力，其實(shí)并不這么簡(jiǎn)單。全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)統(tǒng)考于1997年6月首次采用了“復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)”這一題型。該類(lèi)題型通常是在一個(gè)段落中留出十個(gè)空格，前七個(gè)空格要求考生在聽(tīng)懂原文的基礎(chǔ)上，寫(xiě)下所聽(tīng)到的單詞；后三個(gè)空格則要求考生根據(jù)所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容，可以用原句也可以在聽(tīng)懂的基礎(chǔ)上用自己的語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)。這種題型，對(duì)學(xué)生的能力要求其實(shí)比像Short Conversations，Long Conversations等純粹聽(tīng)力選擇題的要求要高得多，因?yàn)镾hort Conversations，Long Conversations等一般只要聽(tīng)明白大意即可。而對(duì)于“復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)”，首先，考生要能聽(tīng)得出辨別得出這是個(gè)什么詞，比如，是quality還是quantity；然后，還要一個(gè)字母不差地、按順序完整地寫(xiě)出該詞，才能算正確，才能夠得分。要在這一項(xiàng)上取得較高成績(jī)，其實(shí)是不太容易的。由此可知，該題型更強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力。所以，考生不僅要具有良好的聽(tīng)的能力，還應(yīng)具有較強(qiáng)的拼寫(xiě)能力、記筆記能力和書(shū)面表達(dá)能力。聽(tīng)的能力是“復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)”的基礎(chǔ)，因此，在較大程度上，它是聽(tīng)力理解能力、書(shū)寫(xiě)能力、記筆記能力和書(shū)面表達(dá)能力的綜合考核。

平時(shí)教學(xué)中，時(shí)常有學(xué)生問(wèn)怎樣才能有效解答此類(lèi)試題。大多數(shù)老師只是回答說(shuō)，打好基礎(chǔ)，多聽(tīng)多練。話固然是很有道理，只是太過(guò)籠統(tǒng)，對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，起不到什么實(shí)質(zhì)性的幫助作用。那么考試中，究竟如何才能解答好這一題型，以獲得理想的成績(jī)呢？針對(duì)此新題型的解答，筆者在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中，經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)真的研究分析，總結(jié)出幾點(diǎn)，按聽(tīng)前、聽(tīng)時(shí)、聽(tīng)后三個(gè)步驟歸納如下：

第一，聽(tīng)前。

這里主要是要求考生要做好兩個(gè)方面的準(zhǔn)備。

1.平時(shí)要打好基本功，多多練習(xí)。

學(xué)習(xí)任何一門(mén)語(yǔ)言，要想掌握得更熟練、更透徹，多多練習(xí)是必不可少的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，筆者一直強(qiáng)調(diào)，掌握詞匯是最基本、最關(guān)鍵的。而掌握詞匯，能夠標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地發(fā)音和能夠正確地拼寫(xiě)出來(lái)，是最基本的、也是非常重要的。若學(xué)習(xí)者的單詞發(fā)音不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或者說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)確，那么，不但自己說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)別人聽(tīng)不懂，而且別人說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)自己也搞不明白。這樣，雖然說(shuō)的是同一種語(yǔ)言，而實(shí)際上就是雞同鴨講。掌握再多的詞匯，又如何能更好地交流？若單詞記不住記不牢，不能正確拼寫(xiě)出來(lái)，翻譯譯不出，作文寫(xiě)不來(lái)，又如何能夠獲得理想的成績(jī)？聽(tīng)寫(xiě)是一種有效的綜合性測(cè)試，可以考查學(xué)生的詞匯量、拼寫(xiě)、句法、聽(tīng)力、理解、記筆記和一定的書(shū)面表達(dá)等多方面的要素和技能。實(shí)際上，聽(tīng)寫(xiě)成績(jī)好壞與許多其他技能能否有效利用的關(guān)系很大。筆者相信，全面打好語(yǔ)言基本功是提高聽(tīng)寫(xiě)能力的重要途徑，“但聽(tīng)寫(xiě)訓(xùn)練具有自身的科學(xué)性和技巧性，多練巧練則定可取得事半功倍的成效”。

2.做好考前的心理準(zhǔn)備。

首先，要有信心。筆者認(rèn)為，只要掌握一定的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，并且對(duì)自己充滿信心，是完全能夠在這一題上獲得較為理想的成績(jī)的。在作為國(guó)家級(jí)的統(tǒng)一考試全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試中，這一題所需要寫(xiě)出的單詞，絕不會(huì)是某些生僻詞，也絕不會(huì)是某些超出教學(xué)大綱要求的詞。也就是說(shuō)，這些所考之詞，肯定都是考生以前見(jiàn)過(guò)的，都應(yīng)當(dāng)在掌握之列。這一點(diǎn)，毋庸置疑。以前在教學(xué)課堂上，幾乎每次課上到這一環(huán)節(jié)，總有個(gè)別學(xué)生留有幾個(gè)空白在那兒，甚至有的學(xué)生干脆一詞不寫(xiě)，說(shuō)是看不見(jiàn)或是反正聽(tīng)不懂諸如此類(lèi)的話，想搪塞過(guò)去。課后跟這些學(xué)生交流后發(fā)現(xiàn)，這完全是他們對(duì)這一題型缺乏信心所致。其次，要心境平和。在任何考試來(lái)臨前，考生都應(yīng)該把心態(tài)調(diào)整好，使自己靜下心來(lái)，不要緊張。因?yàn)榫o張根本不會(huì)對(duì)考試起到任何的促進(jìn)作用，而只會(huì)影響自己水平的發(fā)揮，影響最終的成績(jī)。

第二，聽(tīng)時(shí)。

該題一般會(huì)讓聽(tīng)三遍。聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中，考生在具備一定英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)之上，還要善于利用一定的解題技巧、解題方法。這里，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.在播放該題的Directions部分時(shí)，快速瀏覽現(xiàn)有的材料，對(duì)所聽(tīng)的短文有一個(gè)大致的了解，力爭(zhēng)整體上把握其篇章大意。雖然復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)較一般聽(tīng)寫(xiě)難度大，但它的出題形式給考生提供了大量可供參考的信息。在緊張的做題過(guò)程中，考生完全可以利用聽(tīng)音前的一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)事先閱讀文字材料，以對(duì)大意有個(gè)粗略的認(rèn)識(shí)。還可根據(jù)空格前后的材料，去推測(cè)將要填入單詞的詞性、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等；也可根據(jù)上下文的句法及邏輯關(guān)系預(yù)測(cè)相關(guān)信息。然后結(jié)合第一遍放音來(lái)完成對(duì)全文的理解。在Directions部分快要結(jié)束的時(shí)候，要及時(shí)將注意力轉(zhuǎn)回文章開(kāi)頭，做好聽(tīng)寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)備。

2.聽(tīng)第一遍錄音時(shí)，要在重點(diǎn)理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，盡可能地記點(diǎn)什么。但要注意，不能因?yàn)榧庇谔畛鲆豢眨鴮⒑竺娴牟糠皱e(cuò)過(guò)。由于聽(tīng)音前考生已閱覽了卷面文字，對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料有了大致的了解，因此聽(tīng)第一遍時(shí)，考生可以適當(dāng)?shù)靥顚?xiě)些單詞和做些筆記，聽(tīng)為主，記為輔。要做好“復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)”，考生需多多實(shí)踐，獲取較強(qiáng)的邊聽(tīng)邊記能力。所以，正確的做法一般是：一邊聽(tīng)錄音，一邊看文字材料，重點(diǎn)在空格部分，力爭(zhēng)聽(tīng)懂空格處是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)還是一個(gè)句子，“為第二遍聽(tīng)錄音、寫(xiě)內(nèi)容打好基礎(chǔ)”。聽(tīng)音貫穿著期待、預(yù)知、分析、綜合、推理和判斷等一系列過(guò)程，考生應(yīng)同時(shí)快速記下幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，而在記筆記時(shí)，又要能有效、專(zhuān)注地去聽(tīng)，以獲取信息理解全文。

3.第二遍的朗讀有短暫停頓，考生要充分利用這點(diǎn)有限的時(shí)間，快速準(zhǔn)確地按要求完成填空。聽(tīng)第二遍錄音時(shí)，考生應(yīng)利用空格后的停頓時(shí)間，以最快的速度記錄空格內(nèi)的詞句。此時(shí)，切不可掉以輕心，要仔細(xì)，拼寫(xiě)要盡量正確，句子語(yǔ)言表達(dá)要盡可能完整。如果沒(méi)寫(xiě)完整，就先暫時(shí)放棄，以免影響聽(tīng)下一個(gè)空格的內(nèi)容，等聽(tīng)最后一遍即聽(tīng)第三遍時(shí)進(jìn)行校對(duì)。當(dāng)然，聽(tīng)寫(xiě)時(shí)還要注意，不要孤立地聽(tīng)某個(gè)空格的詞語(yǔ)，應(yīng)把注意力集中在每個(gè)句子、段落及篇章上，免得因錯(cuò)誤的理解而造成填寫(xiě)有誤。另外，填空時(shí)，碰到較長(zhǎng)的單詞來(lái)不及寫(xiě)完或拿不準(zhǔn)拼寫(xiě)時(shí)，可先用幾個(gè)字母代替或用適當(dāng)?shù)挠浱?hào)標(biāo)示，等聽(tīng)音結(jié)束后再來(lái)補(bǔ)充。注意，既要寫(xiě)得快又要寫(xiě)得好，要學(xué)會(huì)利用縮寫(xiě)、簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)、代號(hào)等表達(dá)方式。字母較多的單詞，可只寫(xiě)該詞前幾個(gè)字母。如，可用esp代especially，sth代something，apprec代appreciation等。沒(méi)有縮略語(yǔ)的詞匯，如字母較少的單詞，可完整寫(xiě)出該詞，如gift，take等。這里的基本要求是快速、省時(shí)，并能表達(dá)含義。縮略語(yǔ)不一定要求規(guī)范，甚至可用些符號(hào)，所記內(nèi)容不一定要求完整，只要能起到提示的作用，自己能看懂就行了。

4．后三格填空若句子太長(zhǎng)，最好等聽(tīng)完空格的所有內(nèi)容，再在理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行概括。然后將其整理好，按要求填在答題紙上相應(yīng)的地方。

第三，聽(tīng)后檢查。

檢查、核對(duì)是任何考試中都必不可少的環(huán)節(jié)。英語(yǔ)“復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)”這類(lèi)題型，一般是聽(tīng)三遍。第三遍朗讀的本意就是供考生進(jìn)行檢查、核對(duì)。所以此時(shí)，一定要進(jìn)行查漏、改錯(cuò)；補(bǔ)全組句，填好所有的空格。考生應(yīng)抓住時(shí)機(jī)彌補(bǔ)前兩遍聽(tīng)音時(shí)所忽略或遺漏的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)一步修改和完善自己的答案。如果聽(tīng)兩遍就能寫(xiě)出該詞的，第三遍錄音就很好地提供了一次檢查修改的機(jī)會(huì)。對(duì)于已聽(tīng)完三遍沒(méi)有再聽(tīng)機(jī)會(huì)的來(lái)進(jìn)行檢查、核對(duì)的，還可通過(guò)以下兩種途徑來(lái)檢查。

1.從意思上檢查。在確定該空所填之詞后，再看看該詞所在之句的整句話意思能否講得通。若講不通，再想想其它的一些與該所填的詞形似的詞，比如，把該詞里的某個(gè)字母換一個(gè)試試。若整句話意思通順，則在此層面上的檢查暫且通過(guò)。

2.從語(yǔ)法角度檢查。檢查時(shí)應(yīng)注意：（1）單詞拼寫(xiě)字母要按順序?qū)懗銮也荒苈┑簦欢ㄒ_保正確。（2）單詞的字母大小寫(xiě)不容忽視。（3）不要出現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等錯(cuò)誤。也就是說(shuō)，空格處需要填寫(xiě)動(dòng)詞的，還要考慮其需不需要作時(shí)態(tài)或是語(yǔ)態(tài)上的變化，即是過(guò)去時(shí)還是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，或者是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)等。已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在動(dòng)詞上錯(cuò)得較多尤其是完成時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞有可能是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞形式，因?yàn)檫^(guò)去分詞可能會(huì)讀得很輕，不易聽(tīng)出來(lái)，但這可以根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)判斷出來(lái)。（4）不要出現(xiàn)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)有可能會(huì)在聽(tīng)音中聽(tīng)不出來(lái)，但是檢查卷面時(shí)一定要弄準(zhǔn)確了，即使沒(méi)聽(tīng)出來(lái)，也可根據(jù)上下文，堅(jiān)持主謂一致原則。（5）所有格知識(shí)。如：the world’s largest island（世界上最大的島嶼），這個(gè)根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)就能夠判斷出來(lái)。

另外，檢查時(shí)還需注意，所填的空缺詞與所提供的文字材料在邏輯關(guān)系等方面是否一致。比如，你所確定的詞的詞性與該空格所需的詞的詞性是否相符。這個(gè)意思就是說(shuō)，所考查的詞在具體語(yǔ)境中，詞性是確定的（即是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞還是介詞或者副詞等）。