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Outline

I.introduction

1.1TheloveinWutheringHeights

1.2Thetwomaincharacters’humannature

II.Thetemporalsocialcultureandhumanity

2.1Cultureandhumanityonthattime

2.2Humanitywasdispelledinacorner,socialculturewasfilledincivicbrain

III.Catherine’sloveunderthesocialculture

3.1Thereasonsfordeeplove

3.2Socialculturewinshumanity’slove

IV.Heathcliff’sloveandhate—producingfromthecollisionbetweenhumanityandculture

4.1Heathcliff’sloveforCatherinecausesbynatureanditisunchangedandundying

4.2Heathcliff’shatecausesbyculturewhichisquiteincisiveandvivil

4.3LoveandhateonHeathcliffwhichimportunehimself

4.4Humanity’slovemakesHeathclifflosingtheprimitivepleasure

V.Conclusion

5.1Whenloveturnstohate,hatetwistshumanity

摘要艾米莉.勃朗特在《呼嘯山莊》中，以愛情為主題，從一個側面展現了人性與社會文明的沖突，展示了人性是多么復雜的東西，而使這部小說有了令人難以忘懷的地方。本文揭示了人性的復雜與深刻，在于它所蘊含的愛與恨，而左右著人性的又是當時的社會文明。本文探討了小說中的人性與文明的沖突的產物——愛與恨，而凱瑟琳和希刺克利夫在人性與文明的影響下又怎樣面對他們的愛情。在社會文明的影響下，當愛情產生了恨，而恨往往把人性扭曲了，而有了一場社會文明下的悲劇人情故事，因為當人性再度重現，已錯過了一段美麗的愛情。

關鍵詞：人性文明愛報復

AbstractInWutheringHeightsbyEmilyBronte,basedonlove,ontheotherside,demonstratesthecollisionbetweenhumanityandculture.Thehumanityisverycomplex.Accordingly,thisnovelhasthehauntingplot.Thisnovelrevealsthehumanity’scomplexityandprofundity,becauseitimpliestheloveandresentment,furthermore,thehumanityhasimpactedonthetemporalsocialculture.Thispaperexplorestheloveandhate——producingfromthecollisionbetweenhumanityandculture.AndtrytoillustratetheundyinglovebetweenCatherineandHeathcliffthroughhumanityandcultureandhowtofacetheirlove.Underthesocialculture,whenloveturnstohate,hatetwistshumanity.Thereby,humanity’sloveisastragedythrough

culture.Becausetheymissedthebeautifultimeforlove,whenhumanityarisesagain.

Keywords:HumanityCultureLoveRevenge

Humanity?Culture?——WutheringHeighets’love

Introduction

InWutheringHeights,thetopicislove,deducesusaworld-shakingundyinglove.Theyarenotonlyhavethelingeringlove,butalsoadeeplyingrainedhatebetweenthem.CatherineandHeathcliff’slovehasbothhumanityandsocialcultureandwhichbindwiththem.Thehumanityhasmadetheirloveunchangedandundying,butculturedestroysthislove,andcauseshate,Catherinebetrayshim.ThereforeHeathcliff’shateisquiteincisiveandvivid,butstillcomesbacktothelove.

InthenovelbyEmilyBronte,thetwomaincharactershavethenaturalstyleandprimitivenature——naivete,truculence,frankness,firmness,aflushofsentiment,behavioriscrazy.Theyloveverydesperately,theyhateisregardlessofwhatever.Asaresult,thecharacters’lovequitestrong,shaking-heart.“Unchangedasthemount,ferocityasthelighting”(songp7).Hence,WutheringHeightsbecomesthemostmagnificentloveepicintheworld.

Thesocialcultureandhumanity

Inthenineteenthcentury,theVictorianperiodthenoblemanisenormouslyproudoftheirsuccess,fullofthetemporalrankconcept.Statusisfirst,moneyisGod.People’sspiritssufferfromtheintenseoppression.Humanityistwistedwithoutmercy.TheEarnshowsholdaprecariousplacewithinthehierarchy.Althoughthegentry,possessedservantsandoftenlargeestates,theynonethelessholdafragilesocialposition.TheLintonsarerelativelyfirmintheirgentry’sstatus,buttheEarnshowsareonmuchshakiergroundsocial.CatherinewantstomarryEdgarsothatshewillbe“thegreatestwomanoftheneighborhood”.Aboveall,thisisthesocialcultureandhumanityonthattime.

ButCatherineandHeathcliff‘scharacterisgovernedbytheirpassions,notbyreflectionoridealsofcivility.Alsothehousewheretheylivecomestosymbolizethehumanity,butThrushcrossGrangerepresentsculture,convention,refinement.WhenCatherineleftforThrushcrossGrangethefirsttime,shehasimpactedonthiscultureandfindsherselfdeeplyattractedbyit.Therefore,forloveherheartsoambivalent.OwningtoCatherine’schanging,Heathcliffbeginstoresentthesocietythatisresponsible,“whenheacquirespowerandreturnstoWutheringHeightswithmoneyandthetrappingsofagentlemanhebecomesavillain”.Humanitywasdispelledinacorner;socialculturewasfilledincivicbrain.

Catherine’sloveunderthesocialculture

Theheroine—Catherineisveryambivalentinherlove.Duetohumannature,shelovesHeathcliffdeeplywithchildlikepassion,andhersoulcan’tlivewithouthim.Butthesocialculturemadeherbetraytheloveinordertosatisfyheryearningforfameandwealth.ShechoosesLinton,herebyherlovebecomesatragedy.

CatherineiscrazyaboutHeathcliff.Theirloveisrootedintheirchildhoodandismarkedbytherefusaltochangeandembracethosedifferences.Moreover,theirloveisbasedontheirsharedperceptionthattheyareidentical,eventheirsoulsaresharedbyone.Catherinedeclares,“Whateveroursoulsaremadeof,hisandminearethesame”.(Gaop103)“IamHeathcliff!”(Gaop105)WhenshefirstcomesbackfromThrushcrossGrange,sheimmediatelyrealizestheimpactthatthesocialculturehashadinher.Herheartbecomesmorecomplexandambivalent.CatherinelooksforHeathcliff,toembraceandkisshim,atthesametimesheisafraidaboutHeathcliff’sdirtyclotheagainsthercleandress.Shealsotreatshermarriagelikethis.IfshemarriesHeathcliffshewillbeabeggar.EvenifsheiswellawarethatwithoutHeathcliffshecan’tlive,butthecruelrealityhelpsherrealizethatmarryingLintonwillmakeherbecomethegreatestwomaninthearea.Thetemptationofmaterialbenefitandthebourgeoisculturesociety,madeherbetrayherlove.Butherbetrayalisnotthorough.Although,shedarestobreakfreefromthelowclassculture.SheisstillcrazyaboutHeathcliffevenwithoutproperty,status.AsCatherinesays“ItwoulddegrademetomarryHeathcliffnow………butbecauseheismoremyselfthanIam.”(Gaop102)Buthumanity’sloveneverletCatherinegiveupHeathcliff.Catherinesaid“MyloveforHeathcliffresemblestheeternalrocksbeneath:asourceoflittlevisibledelight,butnecessary……..butasmyownbeing.”(Gaop105)HerchoiceaboutmarriagemadeherbetrayherhumanityandHeathcliff,forcingHeathclifftoleave.Despiteherchildlikenaturetolovehimverydeeplywithfiercepassion.SocialculturewinshumanityinCatherine,butshewasneverhappyatthecivilizedThrushcrossGrange,andfoundherselffeelingemptywithoutsoul.Andforthenextsevenyears,Catherinecoastedthroughlife,livingonlyinthepast.HersoulsoeagertomeetHeathcliff’ssoul.Ultimately,sheistornbetweenherwildpassionforHeathcliffandhersocialambition.Buttheprimitiveloveexceedstheculturallove,causeshermisstheWutheringHeightsinsick.Andbeforeshedies,gointothebosomofHeathcliff.Aftershedies,herlonelyghostthirstsforcomingbackWutheringHeights.Sheusesthemelancholyvoicesobs“Letmein—Letmein!”(Songp28)

Heathcliff’sloveandhate

Heathcliff’sloveispureinintentionandneverchanges.LikeCatherine,helovestorunaroundonthemoor.Hislovejusthasthehumannature’semotionwithoutrank,culture.Heathcliffneversays“love”,buthislovestrongerthanhurricane,comparewithcloudburst.Heisfilledwithuncontrollablepassion.Inchapterthird,hehearssomesoundsinCatherine’sroom,“hisagitationwassoextreme,thathecouldhardlypickitup.”(Gaop30)Uponarrivingatthebedroom,asLockwood[therenterofThrushcrossGrange]fleesfromit,HeathcliffcriesouttoCatherinebegginghertoreturn..“‘Comein!Comein!’Hesobbed‘Cathy,docome.Ohdo–oncemore!Oh!Myheart’sdarling;hearmethistime.Catherine,atlast!’”(Gaop33)thisshowshowHeathclifftastesthebitternessofhislostlove.HisloveforCatherineisexpressedsimple,honestlybrevitybutfulloffervidlove.Inchaptersixteenth,hecursesCatherineforthepain.Shehascausedhimandpleadswithherspirittohaunthimfortherestofhislife.Shemaytakeanyform,hesays,andevendrivesmemadaslongasIamliving.Hegoesontosay“mayyounotrestaslongasIamliving!YousaidIkilledyou---hauntme,then!”“Bewithmealways---takeanyform---drivememad!Onlydonotleavemeinthisabyss,whereIcan’tfindyou!”(Gaop218)Althoughinthischapter,therearenodefinitewordstorepresentHeathcliff’slove,itisnonethelessknownanddeeplyrootedintheirhearts,neverlosingtheirpassion.BecauseofthestrengthofhisloveforCatherine,Heathcliffundertakeshiswickedandvengefulrevengeagainstthosedeemsresponsibleforhismisery

Heathcliffcomesfromthelowerclassandbecauseofthis,theLintonfamilymakeshimfeelsunworthyofher.Catherineseeksamoregenteellifethereforebetrayingtheirlove.WhenHeathcliffheardthat“ItwoulddegrademetomarryHeathcliffnow”(Gaop102).Hewithdrawsinarageofshame,humiliation,anddespair.Threeyearslater,Heathcliffcomesbackwithpowerandmoney,heislongingformeetingCatherine,atthistimehebeginstodoanelaborateplanforrevenge.Buthiscruelandharmfulbehaviorcomesfromthepainofhislove.Hebecomesafiend,ademon,towardeverypersonaroundhim.HeruinsHindley[Catherine’sbrother]bytrickinghimandtherefore,takingpossessionofWutheringHeights.HealsoendsHareton’s[Hindley’sson]educationafterHindleydied,andthenelopeswithIsabella[Lintion’ssister],aftersheisill-treatedbyhim.Likewise,HeathcliffusesIsabellatorevengeEdgar.“Hismalevolenceprovessogreatandlong—lastingthatitcan’tbeadequatelyexplainedevenasadesireforrevenge”(Liup34)WithoutCatherine,helosthissenseoflife,revengereplaceslove,andbecomethedrivingforcebehindhisactions.However,whostripshislove?Whatdoestwisthishumanity?Butthedeep-rootedlovedidn’tdisappearatall.HeathclifftriestorecapturethespiritofCatherineinhisdesiretorejoinher.Heevenopenshercoffin,Heathcliffsays“Isawherfaceagain”.ThemanysignsofCatherineshowthat“shedidexist”butthat“Ihavelosther”.

WhenHeathclifffulfillshisrevenge,hefindsthattheprimarypleasureisnolongerwithinhim.Hebeginstogiveuphisrevenge,wantingonlytobewithCatherine.Thehumanityofhislovearisesagain,loveforCatherineerodinghislustforrevenge.InHeathcliff’slife,heseesCatherine’sshadoweverywhere.HeisboundtoCatherine.Theysharedonesoul,longingtobecomeoneunit.HeathcliffbecomesmoreandmoreobsessedwiththememoriesofCatherine,beginstotalkingwithherghost.Rememberinghisclimacticnightonthemoors,hefeelssohappyandanticipatesareunionwithherghost.Twoopenedsoulsbecomeone.Heathcliff’sfeelingofrevengeforhislostlove,eventually,returntotheoriginalsource.Intheend,Humanity’slovewinsdrivinghislifefromthispointonward.

Conclusion

“Inevitably,theunbridgeablegabinCatherine’sandHeathcliff’ssocialpositionsrenderstheirferventromanceunrealizableonanypracticallevel”.（Liup77）Catherine’sactionsaresostringingdrivenbyhersocialambitions,thatshebetraysherhumanity,andconsequentlyHeathcliff’sloveturnstopthehate.Heathcliffbecomesaso-calledgenteelman,returnstoWutheringHeightsandcarryingoutallthecruelactsofrevenge.Nevertheless,thisloveisnatural,primitive,inner,andspiritualone.Onaccountoftheirsoulhasbeentheunitcan’tseparatefromeachother,nomorethantwobodies.Theemotioncan’tusetheculturetoexplainandalterit.Thetemporalsocialculturecompareswiththedelicatehumanity,therebyresultinginapainfulendingtothislovestory.Whenloveturnstohate,hatetwiststhehumanity.ThisprofoundavatarisshownthroughHeathcliffandCatherine.Theauthorshowsforusthestrugglebetweenhumanity’sloveandsocialculture.Inlightifthisideal,today,howdowechooseourlovewhenfacedit?

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